Guidance and demand sustainability
Q: What specifically changed in the last 90 days to drive the sizable uplift in guidance?
A: Charlie Giancarlo explained that two main concerns disappeared: the ability to source components and the uncertainty regarding how customers would react to higher prices. The company now has two quarters of visibility and actual data on customer resilience to price hikes.
Margins and operating expenses
Q: What is baked into the full year guide regarding product gross margins and OpEx growth?
A: Charlie Giancarlo stated the company is intentionally operating at the low end of the 65% to 70% product gross margin range to share the burden of higher semiconductor costs with customers and drive market share. Tarek Robbiati added that this strategy is driving operating leverage, with operating profit growing 77% year-over-year.
Pricing, volume, and mix
Q: Can you unpack the ASP versus volume mix, and does the guidance imply a drop-off in capacity in the back half?
A: Charlie Giancarlo noted that market elasticity means volume has not kept up with revenue dollars as prices rose. Tarek Robbiati explained that system units are down, but customers are buying higher-performance configurations, and pull-ins from Q1 are not a factor in the second half.
Storage-as-a-Service trends
Q: What are the trends in contract duration and deal size for Storage-as-a-Service, and are there differences between new and existing customers?
A: Charlie Giancarlo noted there is no substantial change in contract length, which averages over 3 years. Customers are increasingly choosing this model for price stability, and demand for it rises when product prices increase.
Hyperscaler technology and strategy
Q: What are you displacing in these hyperscaler wins, and what is the value proposition of DirectFlash compared to prior solutions?
A: Charlie Giancarlo stated the company is primarily replacing SSDs. Rob Lee highlighted that DirectFlash offers significant benefits in reliability, density, and power efficiency, which are amplified at the hyperscale level.
Hyperscaler disclosure and guidance
Q: Will you disclose the size of the hyperscale business, and did you raise the hyperscale contribution in the guidance?
A: Charlie Giancarlo said the hyperscale contribution is mostly baked into the current guidance and is on track with initial expectations. The company will keep disclosures abstract for now due to confidentiality but will provide more detail as the business scales.
Hyperscaler deal comparison
Q: How does the second hyperscaler deal compare to the first in terms of R&D and ramp?
A: Charlie Giancarlo noted that this deal took longer because the customer required a supply contract before awarding the design win. Rob Lee added that the core technology and business model are substantially similar to the first deal.
Hyperscaler recurring revenue and NAND
Q: Is there a way to track recurring revenue for hyperscalers, and is there a correlation between NAND prices and these wins?
A: Charlie Giancarlo confirmed that NAND prices significantly affect the business. Rob Lee stated they will not speculate on timing for future design wins and will treat the hyperscale category as a whole moving forward.
Strategic inventory and margins
Q: How should we think about the duration of the strategic pre-buys and the implications for margins?
A: Tarek Robbiati stated the company has sufficient supply coverage for the foreseeable future. Pricing has largely caught up to raw material costs, which helps margin management, but the company will continue to operate at the low end of the 65% to 70% range to drive growth.
Supply chain and LTAs
Q: Are you signing long-term agreements with memory makers, or is there an appetite to do so?
A: Tarek Robbiati clarified that the strategic buys were for the core business, not the hyperscaler business. Hyperscalers procure their own NAND, and the second hyperscaler deal was delayed because the customer was securing their own supply agreements.
Enterprise AI and subscription margins
Q: Is enterprise AI adoption driving the sustainability of demand, and when will subscription margins return to past ranges?
A: Charlie Giancarlo attributed the momentum to the company's complete product portfolio and ability to help customers leverage data for AI. Tarek Robbiati explained that subscription margins were impacted by component replacement costs for the Forever program, which is a positive long-term investment because it lowers churn.
International performance
Q: What drove the international performance spike, and is it sustainable?
A: Charlie Giancarlo explained that international revenue is better measured on an annual basis rather than quarter-to-quarter due to the timing of shipments and bookings. The company expects international revenue to continue to increase over time.

